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Не нашли нужную работу? Закажи реферат, курсовую, диплом на заказ реферат на тему: GrammarNOMINAL & VERBAL NATURE:
1.Nominal:
-can perform the function of subject(swimming is delightful there), object(I like making people happy), predicative(my favorite sport is figure-skating.
-can be preceded by a preposition(Im very fond of flying).
-can be modified by a noun in the possessive case or by a possessive pronoun(Is any objection to my seeng her?)
2.Verbal:
-the gerund of transitive verbs can take a direct object(I have made a progress in understanding his speech).
-can be modified by an adverb(she burst out crying bitterly)
-has tense distinctions, the gerund of transitive verbs has also voice distinctions.(indefinite-he can swim without tiring, & perfect-she denies having spoken with him, passive & active-he liked neithe reading aloud, neither being read aloud to)
PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS:
1. Complex Subject - There is no use you telling me not to worry.
2. Complex Predicative My idea of holiday is going to the seaside.
3. Complex Object Perhaps you wouldnt mind his coming in.
4. Complex Attribute I like the idea of Michaels going with us.
5. Complex Adverbial modifier I went to the cinema in spite of her having told me her impressions.
All forms are used. The nominal Element may be expressed:
A living being:
a) By a noun in the Possessive Case. (I like the idea of Michaels going with us.
b) By a Possessive pronoun. (The day passed without her resolving this problem).
c) By a noun in the common case. When the doer of the action is emphasized. -He denied Mary having done this on purpose. When the nominal element consists of 2 or more nouns( I insist on Mary & Kate spending their free-time together.
d) By a pronoun in the objective case. (Do you mind them going there?)
A lifeless thing:
a) By a possessive pronoun (he insisted on its (the letter) being sent immediately.
b) By a noun in the common case(Everything depends on the letters being sent in time).
c) By pronouns all, this, that, both, each, something(I couldnt deny both of them having had a nice holiday).
SUBJECT.
All forms are used.
IGA-Its good your trying to find the right answer.
IGP-Their being late disappointed them.
PGA-His having lost the right way was a great disappointment to us.
PGP-Mikes having been put in this position irritated us.
The gerund may follow a predicate the sentence opens with introductory it. Its no use talking like that to me.
Introductory “there is no” there is no deceiving him, he can read my face like a book.
Complex
PREDICATIVE:
Only IGA- The only remedy for such a headache is going to bed;& IGP what annoyed me most of all was his accepting their proposal quite readily.
PART OF A COMPOUND VERBAL PREDICATE:
Aspect: IGA - In the night it started raining.
Modal: IGA I couldnt help playing this game, IGP I couldnt help being excited when I was told the news.
Verbs with which the g forms a CAP: keep on, go on, give up, leave off, burst out, finish, stop, cease, begin, start, continue.
Modal: with the modal expression cant help.
DIRECT OBJECT:
After verbs: avoid, be busy, cant afford, cant bear, deny, deserve, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy, forget, forgive, hate, like, mind, need, postpone (откладывать), prefer, put off, recollect, regret, remember, require, suggest, want.
All forms are used.
IGA I love reading. IGP I cant bear being asked about my family. PGA he didnt recollect such a thing having happened to him before. PGP He denied the message having been sent by him.
PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT:
After: approve of, complain of,
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