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реферат на тему: Hieronymus Bosch

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symbolized cognition in alchemy and also sexual intercourse. Also the symbol of cognition is the key. One of the most fearful symbols is the clip leg the symbol of pain, torture and magic. The works of Hieronymus Bosch (aspecially the paintings of the second period) are full of different images of Satan. We can see a traditional demons with horns, wings and tale, but also there are bugs, half-human half-animal creatures, anthropomorphic machines and other grotesque figures. Often Bosch painted demons as a music instruments, mostly wind-instruments. Finally one of the most prevalent symbol of his paintings is a mirror the symbol of temptation.

The first period of Boschs work: Seven Deadly Sins

We dont know exactly when Hieronymus Bosch created “Seven Deadly Sins”. It was somewhere between 1475 1480. Its painted with oil on the piece of wood, and it was a surface of the table. The size of this painting is 120 x 150 sm. According to Mr. Feldman this painting concerned with the style of emotion, like the most paintings of Hieronymus Bosch. It can be also a style of fantasy but this painting is more sarcastic than fantastic. Primarily it belonged to Spanish king Philip the Second. Now it is situated in Madrid, in Prado museum. It is signed by Hieronymus Bosch. The central, circular composition symbolized the eye, eye of Universe, eye of God. In the apple of the eye there is a figure of Jesus Christ and a sentence under him: Cave,cave d[omi]n[u]s videt (Beware because God look at you). The light rays radiate from the figure of Christ. Some researchers said that it is a symbol of mirror that fends off all human sins. Around him there are 7 miniatures represented 7 sins and each sin is named. There are: Ira (ire, rage, anger), Superbia (vanity), Luscuria (desire), Accidia (laziness), Guia (guzzle), Avaritia (avarice) and Invidia (envy). At the corners of the painting there are four other miniatures represented Death, The Last Judgement, Hell and Heaven. There are two sentences from Bible at the top and bottom of the painting. There are no allegories on this painting, everything is concrete, taken from life. Bosch depicted people of different sections of population, but all of them are sinners. The main idea of this painting that our blood and our money is nothing for God. Every person will be on the last Judgement and if he is sinner he will be send to Hell. Ira on this miniature we can see the scrimmage of two drunk peasants. Ira is the result of the alcoholism. A woman try to stop them, but without any result. Bosch depicted the sin with the help of such symbols as kicked off wooden shoes, a chair on the head of one man and others, but most of all with the help of grotesque. The figures of peasants are awful and ugly, they are very fat with crooked legs. The beautiful nature is also served to show their unpleasantness. Superbia we can see a woman in her room, staying in front of the mirror (the symbol of temptation), which is kept by the devil. The woman trying on a new hat. The room is painted in the style of Boschs time and it is look like many others rooms in the Holland houses. This picture is pointed against the interest off many women in the fashion. Luscuria on this part of painting there are man and woman in the tabernacle. We can see musical instruments on the ground they symbolize passion. Accidia the lazy priest is sleeping, instead of prey. A cat on the floor is sleeping too. Guia the picture
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show us the scene of diner. I think it is the most terrible picture because the food is given by nun. All characters are awful and ugly. They look like animals, not people. One man is very fat while the other is thin. They are very dirty. Avaritia in this picture we can see how the bribed judge is going to accuse of the innocent man. The book on the wooden box is like a dig under the justice. Invidia on this picture Bosch show us quarrel between the neighbors. And their dogs like their masters bark at each other. Other four pictures show to us what will happened to us. First it is a fragment of death. It is the death of a reach man. The priest gives him absolution. There is a skeleton behind the dying man. And above his head the angel and the demon are fighting for his soul. The next picture represent Doomsday. It is painted in the traditional way. The Christ is seating on the throne with many angels around him. And reveal people are below him, on the Earth. The Heaven is painted in a traditional manner too. St Peter and other angels meet saintly people near the gates of Heaven. On this painting Bosch depicted Hell for the first time. This picture is the key to other Boschs paintings of Hell because Bosch wrote an explanation under every torture. For the sin of ire people are crucified. Avid people siting in the fleshpot with a molten golden coins. Voluptuous people are enchained to the bed and a terrible monster bite them. Drank people are drinking dishwater. Bosch took some of the elements of tortures from the book “Visions of Tundhall” about his vision of Hell. It was very popular book in Boschs times. Bosch use very bright, full colors in this painting. They became dark and gloomy only in 2 parts of painting, devoted to Death and Hell. There is a normal perspective in this picture. Most lines are geometrical and straight. The painter doesnt use lots of shades. The point of attention is at the center of the picture on the Christs figure. We can see balance and also harmony in this painting. The main idea of the paintings “Seven deadly sins” is that all people are the same in Gods eyes. And He knew all our deeds and our sins. Every person, reach or poor will die and then come to the Last Judgement. No one will help you besides God. The painting is circular to show us that the sins are the same in every next generation. It is a symbol of the circle of sins, symbol of our Earth, of our University. I think it is a very meditative painting, that make us thinking. May be because of that Philip the Second hung it in his tabernacle.

The second period of Boschs work: Garden of Delights

Bosch painted “the Garden of Delights” in 1500 1510. It is also oil painting. The size of the central part the painting is 220 x 195, the size of each fold is 200 x 97. Now it is situated in Madrid, in Prado. The painting is full of little figures and it is very colorful. Its look like a wonderful carpet. The figures of people are dancing in a colorful roundelay. All colors are light, spring and soft. The bright light is overflow the scene. The painting is very harmonic. It has a normal perspective. Most lines are curved and natural. Its very hard to find the point of attention because of the lots of objects on the painting but I think it is at the one of fantastic building at the center of the painting. At the outer part of the folds there is the third day of the Creation. There are 2 sentences at the top of the painting

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